For everyday well-being to be tangible, especially for the vulnerable, we know that many parts of the system need to change. Our work in primary healthcare draws from close to 2 decades of extensive work in partnership with some of the most marginalised communities in the world - tribal and indigenous communities, those who are gender non-binary, and those living in poverty in rural and urbancommunities.
We understand through extensive ethnography and public health practice, that unless we address how the health system is experienced, a life of well-being may remain a distant dream for the marginalised. This is the foundational understanding behind our flagship program, Invest4Wellness (i4We), as well as, our incubation of the CPHC Alliance.
Let's talk about i4We
i4We is a system innovation in primary healthcare. It combines health and wealth interventions, and focuses on well-being for the poor and marginalised communities. It is intentionally designed to be affordable, quality-assured, and scalable.
The ethos behind i4We is to make well-being tangible for the poor and marginalised, and take healthcare to unreached populations.
The thinking around i4We began with a central question - How do you co-create a life of everyday well-being for marginalised communities , often living in squalid conditions, with little to no wherewithal, prey to a gamut of diseases and disorders, and struggling to survive? Several components were co-designed with the community, which marry core evidence with action research, lived experiences, and implementation science.
i4We is currently delivered in four settings: urban, rural, factories, and sex workers’ collectives, and is adapted to each of these contexts.
The success of i4We lies in it being a self-sustaining program owned and run by community institutions. While designing i4We, it was incredibly important to put in place five revenue streams: 1). Interest spread on inter-lending among members, 2). Sale of health products, 3). Fees for facilitating schemes and insurance, 4). Direct sponsorship of marginalised families’ health, and, 5). Start-up Grant Capital for 5 to 7 years. These revenue streams enable the model to break even, and be self-sufficient.
A Social Return on Investment (SROI) exercise run on i4We, in its early days, reflected an increase in the communities’ health outcomes, economic benefits, social cohesion and social capital, increased confidence and self-reliance. An SROI of 2.32 was demonstrated after 1 year of implementation - i.e. 1 INR invested, delivered 2.32 INR in the hands of people.
Started in 2017, the model is operational in nine locations across India, covering 56,165+ people, and growing rapidly. The model was co-created with a range of partners including Vrutti (a livelihood resource centre) and Catalyst Management Services (CMS), and is supported by various partners in different locations, including companies like - Marks & Spencer, Migros, Levi Strauss & Co., Social Venture Partners, Morgan Stanley, Ashraya Hastha Trust, PCMH Restore-Health, PCI 360 etc.
The health outcomes driven by i4We are the result of a combination of factors - determined investors, a committed implementation team that marries skills with lived experiences, and a community that has been a part of the model from the very inception.
A glimpse into the CPHC Alliance
When we focus on health and well-being around the needs and preferences of individuals, families, and the community they live in, we arrive at the Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) approach. To make this transformative agenda a reality in India, Swasti supported the commencement of the CPHC Alliance, launched on the eve of World Health Day, 2021.
Several organisations signed a Statement of Intent to form the CPHC Alliance in India. Founding members include United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, LGT Venture Philanthropy, and Swasti.
The CPHC Alliance brings the public and private sector, civil society, donors, philanthropic organisations, and individuals together, to help propel the agenda of strengthening primary health care.
Click on one of our
Work
Areas to explore our approach and initiatives in more detail.
Swasti is a Health Catalyst whose mission is to support and enable vulnerable peoples and communities, to have and make the right choices to lead healthy lives. This also means supporting change agents to embody this mission, and thus reach more communities together.
As we researched and built this database, we learnt invaluable lessons and stories that are worth sharing with the global health community at large. The focus of these lessons here is to show what works where, how, why, and towards what. The goal is to inspire readers to take these learnings, and their own, from these stories to implement in their own practice and communities.
The solutions are presented in any one of the 4 formats:
Impact evaluations are focused on a single intervention and its impact
Reviews - narrative reviews, systematic reviews
Models are comprehensive primary healthcare models for identified communities
Case stories created from interviews of creators of promising PHC models and innovations
from the field
Kaphle et al.
Kaphle et al.
Summary
The study aimed to develop a framework for assessing the impact of mHealth platforms on the quality and experience of care provided by frontline workers. Formative research was conducted with 15 community health workers (CHWs) in Bihar, India, using the CommCare mHealth app for maternal and newborn care. CHWs' level of CommCare adoption, technology proficiency, and the quality and experience of care provided were evaluated through home visits. Regression techniques were used to analyze the relationships, considering individual characteristics such as literacy, education, age, and previous mobile experience.
Outcomes/Observations
Provider/Managerial Outcomes: The level of technology adoption and proficiency in using mHealth platforms significantly influenced the quality and experience of care provided by frontline workers. High users of the mHealth app showed higher quality scores, and greater proficiency in using the app was associated with higher quality and experience scores. Age and literacy had an impact on technology adoption, highlighting their importance in leveraging mHealth for improved healthcare.
Ghosh et al.
Ghosh et al.
Summary
A nurse-mentoring program in Bihar, India, aimed to enhance primary care providers' skills in managing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and intrapartum asphyxia. Mentor pairs visited four facilities for one week, followed by monthly visits. Changes in diagnosis and management were assessed using a quasi-experimental and longitudinal design. The study examined proportions of PPH and intrapartum asphyxia cases and their management effectiveness, using statistical models to account for clustering and time-varying confounding.
Outcomes/Observations
Provider/Managerial Outcomes: The diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) increased during the nurse-mentoring program but decreased after the 5th week. The final week of intervention consistently had higher diagnosis rates compared to the first week. Facilities had increased odds of identifying PPH cases with each week of mentoring.
Jayanna et al.
Jayanna et al.
Summary
The study assessed the effectiveness of a nurse-led onsite mentoring program in improving institutional birth care in 24/7 primary health centres in two high priority districts in Karnataka state, South India. Primary outcomes included improved facility readiness and provider preparedness in managing institutional births and associated complications during child birth. The study used a cluster randomized trial design, with 54 facilities receiving six mentoring visits and initial training updates. Pre- and post-intervention surveys were conducted, and a cost analysis was conducted.
Outcomes/Observations
Provider/Managerial Outcomes: The nurse-led onsite mentoring program led to significant improvements in staff nurse knowledge across various parameters, except for low birth weight definition.
Organizational Outcomes: In terms of facility readiness, a higher number of intervention facilities were equipped to handle gestational hypertension and newborn complications by the end of the study period compared to the control arm.